UPSC CSE Internal Security Index
Internal Security – Index
Internal Security Intro
- Concept and dimensions of Security
- Internal vs External Security
- Constitutional & Federal framework
- Changing nature of security threats
- Internal security vs human security
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Communal Violence
- Concept and nature of communalism
- Political & Socio-economic causes
- Rumours, Misinformation & Hate speech
- Legal framework – IPC, CrPC, Laws
- Role of administration & police
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Extremism & Terrorism
- Extremism vs Terrorism distinction
- Domestic vs Cross-border terrorism
- Terror financing and radicalisation
- Institutional response – NIA, UAPA
- International cooperation & FATF
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Organized Crime Nexus
- Nature of organised crime networks
- Nexus: Drugs, Arms, and Hawala
- Narco-terrorism & Smuggling routes
- Money laundering & syndicates
- Enforcement & coordination gaps
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AFSPA (1958)
- Background and objectives
- Areas of application and provisions
- Powers granted to armed forces
- Human rights & Judicial scrutiny
- Reforms debate & Way forward
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Left-Wing Extremism
- Ideology & Red Corridor geography
- Socio-economic causes of LWE
- Government strategy – SAMADHAN
- Role of CAPFs and state police
- Current trends and decline pattern
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Development Linkages
- Development deficit and alienation
- Tribal areas & resource exploitation
- Governance vacuum & service gaps
- Inclusive growth policies
- Security vs Development debate
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Militancy in J&K
- Historical background & Proxy war
- External involvement (Pakistan)
- Radicalisation & Social Media
- Counter-insurgency operations
- Constitutional changes & impact
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North-East Insurgency
- Ethnic identity & grievances
- Major insurgent groups & regions
- Cross-border sanctuaries
- Peace accords and negotiations
- Development & connectivity initiatives
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Cyber Security
- Cyber threats – Malware & Ransomware
- Critical Information Infrastructure
- Cyber warfare and state actors
- Institutional – CERT-In & NCIIPC
- Data protection & National strategy
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Social Media Security
- Fake news, Deepfakes & Mobilisation
- Radicalisation & Lone-wolf attacks
- Legal regulation & IT Act
- Platform accountability
- Free speech vs Security balance
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Money Laundering
- Black Money
- Process: Placement, Layering, Integration
- Sources: Drugs, Crime, Corruption
- Legal framework – PMLA
- Role of ED and FIU-IND
- International FATF standards
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Border Management
- Porous borders & Illegal migration
- Smuggling, Drugs & Arms trafficking
- Infrastructure, Fencing & Surveillance
- Coastal and maritime security
- Inter-agency coordination
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Security Forces
- CAPFs: CRPF, BSF, ITBP, CISF, SSB
- State police vs Central forces
- Intelligence agencies & coordination
- Training and Modernisation
- Police–CAPF synergy
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Police Reforms
- Colonial legacy and challenges
- Prakash Singh Case (SC Directives)
- Political interference & accountability
- Capacity building & Modernisation
- Community policing models
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