Indian Civil Services Hub - Self Learning Hub: UPSC CSE History, Art and Culture Index

UPSC CSE History, Art and Culture Index

History & Culture – Index Dashboard

📜History, Art and Culture Self Learning Modules

Cultural Evolution

Overview of Indian Prehistory
Palaeolithic Age: Time, Tools & Features
Mesolithic Age: Tools & Subsistence
Neolithic Age: Agriculture & Settlements
Chalcolithic Age: Technology & Economy
Megalithic Culture: Burial Practices

Prehistoric Sites & Art

Bhimbetka Rock Shelters
Burzahom Neolithic Site
Major Palaeolithic & Mesolithic Sites
Major Neolithic Sites in India
Rock Paintings: Themes & Significance

IVC Foundations

Discovery & Chronology
Town Planning & Urban Features
Architecture & Drainage System
Economy: Agriculture, Trade & Crafts
Social & Cultural Life
Religious Beliefs & Seals

IVC Sites & Decline

Mohenjo-daro: Features & Importance
Harappa & Rakhigarhi
Dholavira: Water Management
Lothal: Dockyard & Maritime Trade
Kalibangan: Fire Altars
Decline of Indus Valley Civilization

Vedic Age

Vedic Literature: Vedas & Upanishads
Early vs Later Vedic Periods
Varna System: Evolution & Features
Religious Practices
Aryan Invasion vs Migration Theory

Mahajanapadas

Mahajanapadas: Features & Geography
Republican vs Monarchical States
Magadha Empire: Rise & Expansion
Persian & Greek Invasions
Alexander Cunningham & Archaeology

Religious Reform

Buddha: Life, Teachings & Councils
Sects: Mahayana, Hinayana, etc.
Jainism: Mahavira & Core Principles
Jain Sects, Councils & Tirthankaras
6th Century BCE Religious Movements

Mauryan Empire

Chandragupta Maurya & Foundation
Mauryan Administration
Ashoka: Dhamma & Inscriptions
Mauryan Art & Architecture
Kautilya’s Arthashastra
Decline of Mauryan Empire

Post-Mauryan & Sangam

Indo-Greeks, Shakas & Kushans
Satavahana Dynasty
Sangam Age: Society & Literature
Sunga & Kanva Dynasties
Saka Era & Parthians

Gupta & Foreign Accounts

Gupta Empire: Administration & Polity
Science, Art & Literature
Post-Gupta (Harsha, Chalukyas, Pallavas)
Vakataka & Pushyabhuti Dynasties
Travellers: Fa-Hien, Hiuen Tsang, etc.

Tripartite Struggle

Tripartite Struggle: Causes & Impact
Rashtrakuta: Administration & Culture
Amoghavarsha: Art & Literature
Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty
Pala Dynasty: Buddhism & Education

Kingdoms of North India

Medieval North Indian Overview
Rajput Political Structure
Paramara & Kalachuri Dynasties
Chandela: Temple Architecture
Rani Durgavati & Gond Kingdom

Rajput & Allied Dynasties

Sisodia Dynasty of Mewar
Rajput Administration & Warfare
Cultural Contributions & Forts
Role of Women in Medieval Polity
Decline of Rajput Power

Deccan & South India

Western Chalukyas of Kalyani
Hoysala: Temple Architecture
Kakatiya & Yadava Dynasties
Chera, Chola & Pandya Dynasties
Ahom Dynasty of Assam

Chola & Vijayanagar

Chola: Administration & Navy
Chola Art & Architecture
Vijayanagar Foundation & Polity
Krishnadevaraya: Achievements
Battle of Talikota & Decline

Bahmani & Sultanates

Bahmani Kingdom Administration
Cultural Synthesis in Deccan
Formation of Deccan Sultanates
Architecture & Persian Influence
Fragmentation of Bahmani State

Foreign Invasions

Arab Invasion of Sindh
Turkish Invasions & Military Reforms
Mahmud of Ghazni: Raids & Impact
Muhammad Ghori & Muslim Rule
Socio-Economic Impact of Invasions

Delhi Sultanate

Iqta System & Administration
Slave Dynasty: Iltutmish & Balban
Khilji Dynasty & Alauddin Khilji
Tughlaq: Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Lodi Dynasty & Battle of Panipat

Mughal Empire

Foundation: Babur & Sher Shah Suri
Akbar: Administration & Religious Policy
Mansabdari & Jagirdari Systems
Jahangir, Shah Jahan & Dara Shikoh
Aurangzeb & Mughal Decline

Religious Movements

Bhakti Movement: Features & Saints
Philosophical Schools (Shankaracharya)
Bhakti in North vs South India
Sufism: Ideas, Orders & Impact
Sikhism: Guru Nanak to Gobind Singh

Advent of Europeans

1498 Sea Route & Expansion
Portuguese: Vasco da Gama & Admin
Dutch Trade Centres & Decline
French Areas of Influence
Danish East India Company

BEIC & Carnatic Wars

British East India Co. Foundation
Anglo-French Rivalry
First & Second Carnatic Wars
Third Carnatic War
Significance of the Wars

British Rule Setup

Battle of Plassey (1757)
Battle of Buxar (1764)
Dual Government in Bengal
Role of Robert Clive
Colonialism: Nature & Methods

Indian Resistance

Anglo-Mysore Wars & Tipu Sultan
Maratha Admin & Military System
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
Chauth & Sardeshmukhi
Battle of Bhima Koregaon

NW Conquests

Anglo-Sikh Wars & Ranjit Singh
Anglo-Nepal War
Anglo-Burmese Wars
Anglo-Afghan Wars
Impact of Expansionist Wars

Acts & Constitution

Regulating Act & Pitt’s India Act
Charter Acts (1813–1853)
Government of India Act, 1858
Councils Acts (1861, 1892, 1909)
Acts of 1919, 1935 & 1947

Economic Impact

Drain of Wealth Theory
Land Revenue: Ryotwari & Mahalwari
British Education & Wood’s Despatch
Factory & Labour Policies
Overall Economic Impact

Governors & Viceroys

Hastings & Cornwallis
Wellesley & Subsidiary Alliance
Bentinck & Social Reforms
Dalhousie & Doctrine of Lapse
Curzon & Administrative Reforms

Uprisings & 1857

Civil & Tribal Uprisings
Santhal, Kol & Munda Rebellions
Birsa Munda & Rampa Rebellion
Revolt of 1857: Causes & Spread
Rani Lakshmibai & 1857 Leaders

INC & Reform

INC: Foundation & Moderates
Peasant Movements (Indigo, Bardoli)
Brahmo & Arya Samaj
Lower Caste & Social Justice
Gandhi–Ambedkar Debate

Gandhian Phase

Rise of Extremism & Surat Split
Swadeshi & Bengal Partition
Home Rule & Lucknow Pact
Satyagraha: Champaran & Kheda
Non-Cooperation & Khilafat

Freedom Struggle

Civil Disobedience & RTCs
HSRA, Bhagat Singh & Surya Sen
Communist & Trade Union Movements
Quit India & WWII Developments
Mountbatten Plan & Partition

Partition & Integration

Partition (1947): Causes & Consequences
Radcliffe Line & Humanitarian Impact
Integration of Princely States
Instrument of Accession & J&K
Junagadh & Hyderabad Issue
Operation Polo & Consolidation

State Reorganisation

Need for Reorganisation of States
Linguistic Basis of States
State Reorganisation Commission (SRC)
State Reorganisation Act, 1956
Political & Administrative Impact
Debates on Indian Federalism

Land Reforms

Objectives & Phases of Land Reforms
Abolition of Zamindari & Feudal System
Nature & Legacy of Indian Feudalism
Bhoodan Movement & Vinoba Bhave
Operation Barga (West Bengal)
Impact & Limitations of Reforms

Evolution of Economy

Economic Conditions at Independence
Planned Development & Five Year Plans
Role of the Planning Commission
Nehruvian Model of Development
Pre-Liberalisation Structure
Post-1991 Economic Reforms

Nehruvian Foreign Policy

Principles of Foreign Policy
Panchsheel Agreement
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
India in Cold War Politics
Kashmir & Foreign Policy Challenges
Assessment of Diplomatic Vision

Lal Bahadur Shastri Era

Political Context of Leadership
Indo-Pak War of 1965
National Unity & Defence
Tashkent Agreement: Provisions
"Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan" Doctrine
Legacy & Historical Significance

Indira Gandhi Era

Rise & Political Strategy
Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)
Abolition of Privy Purse
Emergency (1975–77): Causes & Effects
JP Movement & MISA Act
20-Point Programme & Blue Star

Coalition Politics

End of One-Party Dominance
Emergence of Coalition Governments
National & United Front Experiments
Rise & Role of Regional Parties
Challenges of Coalition Governance
Impact on Democracy & Federalism

Renaissance

Background & Humanism
Art, Science & Literature
Role of Printing Press
Decline of Feudalism
Transition to Modern Europe

Industrial Revolution

Meaning & Phases
Why England? (Origins)
Key Inventions & Tech
Impact on Economy & Society
Rise of Capitalism
Imperial Expansion

American History

Causes of Revolution (1763–1776)
War of Independence & Constitution
American Civil War: Causes
Slavery & Federalism
Impact on Global Democracy

French Revolution

Causes & Major Phases (1789)
Declaration of Rights of Man
Jacobins & Reign of Terror
Napoleon: Rise & Reforms
Impact on Europe

Nationalism

Meaning & Growth
Unification of Italy
Unification of Germany
Nationalism vs Empires
Continental Impact

Imperialism

Meaning, Causes & Methods
Colonialism vs Imperialism
Economic Motives
Impact on Colonised Societies
Resistance Movements

WWI & Russia

Causes & Consequences of WWI
Treaty of Versailles
Russian Revolution (1917)
Bolshevik Ideology
Impact on World Politics

Inter-War Period

Political Instability & League of Nations
Fascism in Italy
Rise of Nazism in Germany
Hitler & Nazi Ideology
Economic Crisis & Militarism

WWII & UN

Causes & Phases of WWII
Axis vs Allied Powers
Consequences of War
Formation of United Nations
UN Objectives & Structure

Cold War & USSR

Ideological Conflict (Cold War)
NATO & Warsaw Pact
Capitalism vs Communism
Decolonisation: Asia & Africa
Dissolution of USSR (1991)

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